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This is a list of flags which are entirely or largely black. ==In history== * A black flag (Black Standard) was used by Muhammad to represent his religion.〔(''Islamic Flags'' ) at Flags of the World〕 It was used as the standard of the Abbasid Caliphate. It has also been stated that it will be the flag of the army that will fight the ''Dajjal''. * During the German Peasants' War in the 16th century the black flag was used by the revolting farmers. *Afghanistan flew a solid black flag from 1709–38 and from 1880–1901 (see Flag of Afghanistan). * The black flag with the motto ''Viurem lliures o morirem'' (We live free or die) was flown by Catalan army and militia corps during the final stages of the War of the Spanish Succession, when the Allies had already abandoned Catalonia that fought alone against the Spanish and French armies during 1713-1714. This black flag was packaged in 2012 with the historical novel (''Lliures o Morts'' ) (Live Free or Die) authored by Jaume Clotet and David de Montserrat. * The Black Flag was flown by certain irregular Confederate Army units in the American Civil War of 1861-1865 to symbolize that they would neither give, nor accept quarter; symbolizing the opposite of the white flag of surrender. * The Anarchist black flag has been an anarchist symbol since the 1880s. Anarchists use either a plain black flag or a black flag with an "A" and an "O" around it, this symbol is a reference to a Proudhon quote, meaning anarchy is the mother of order . * The color black was famous as the flag of Italy's National Fascist Party, designed after the party's paramilitary Blackshirts. * The color was also chosen by leftist Nazi activist Otto Strasser in his creation of the counter-Nazi party; the Black Front. * Upon the surrender of Nazi Germany in World War II German U-boats were ordered to fly a black flag and sail to an Allied port and surrender.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/gs5.asp )〕 * The Jolly Roger also known the 'skull and crossbones' flag is any of various flags flown to identify a ship's crew as pirates about to attack. The flag most commonly identified as the Jolly Roger today is the skull and crossbones (although swords are also common), a flag consisting of a human skull above two long bones (probably tibias) set in an x-mark arrangement, most usually depicted crossing each other directly under the skull, on a black field. This design was used by several pirates, including Captains "Black Sam" Bellamy, Edward England, and John Taylor. Some Jolly Roger flags also include an hourglass, another common symbol representing death in 17th- and 18th-century Europe. Despite the prominence of flags with art in popular culture, plain black flags with no art were often employed by most pirates in the 17th–18th century. Historically, the flag was flown to frighten pirates' victims into surrendering without a fight, since it conveyed the message that the attackers were outlaws who would not consider themselves bound by the usual rules of engagement—and might, therefore, slaughter those they defeated (since captured pirates were usually hanged, they did not have much to gain by asking quarter if defeated). Since the decline of piracy, various military units have used the Jolly Roger, usually in skull-and-crossbones design, as a unit identification insignia or a victory flag to ascribe to themselves the proverbial ferocity and toughness of pirates. In a non-naval context the skull and crossbones motif has additional meanings, for example, to signify a hazard such as poison * The Ahmadiyya flag, first designed in the 1930s during the second Caliphate. Just as the black colour absorbs visible light, similarly the black colour symbolizes the absorption of spiritual light. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of black flags」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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